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Purpose Type 1 and 2 diabetes are characterized by a loss of insulin-producing beta-cells. Current treatments help maintain blood glucose levels but cannot provide a cure. As such, a vital target for the cure of diabetes is a way to restore beta-cell mass.The drug metformin can protect cultured beta-cells/islets from hyperglycemia-induced dysfunction and death. Further, treatment of pregnant mice...
Purpose The aim of this study is to describe our clinical experience with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and to evaluate their efficacy and tolerability in patients with iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). Methods There were 17 patients (47.1% women, mean age: 65.7) with DTC iodine-refractory (9 papillary, 2 follicular and 3 Hürthle cell), treated with TKIs: 16 with sorafenib...
Purpose Circulating microRNAs (miRNA) have been described in patients with adrenocortical tumors, but the expression of miRNAs in non-functioning and cortisol-producing tumors has not been yet compared. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the expression of plasma extracellular vesicle (EV)-associated microRNAs in patients with non-functioning adrenocortical adenoma (NFA), cortisol-producing...
Purpose We aimed to investigate associations among serum levels of LCN2, bone resorption marker carboxy-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type-1 collagen (CTx), bone formation marker osteocalcin (OCN), and bone mineral densities (BMDs) in ambulatory healthy women. Methods This cross-sectional study analyzed 1012 previously enrolled outpatient Han Chinese women. BMDs of the lumbar spine and femoral...
Purpose Animal-based studies have reported a decrease in bone mass resulting from high level of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21). However, the correlation between plasma FGF21 levels and bone mineral density (BMD) is paradoxical in previous human-based studies, and the associations between FGF21 gene polymorphisms and BMD haven’t been reported yet. Therefore, here, we evaluated plasma FGF21 levels...
Purpose The influence of the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor, gemigliptin alone or in combination with metformin on survival, proliferation, and migration of thyroid carcinoma cells was investigated. Methods SW1736 and TPC-1 human thyroid carcinoma cells were used. Results Gemigliptin and metformin caused cell death in a dose-dependent manner. In cells treated with both gemigliptin and metformin,...
Purpose There is a paucity of epidemiological information on treatment and imaging of pituitary adenomas in Australia. Methods Australian data on pituitary surgery, hospital admissions for pituitary adenomas, and pituitary imaging on patients 15 years and over were obtained from administrative databases between 2000/2001 and 2014/2015. Changes over time and by age and sex were assessed. Results...
Background Higher levels of physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness are positively related to serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations; however, the response of 25(OH)D concentrations to chronic endurance exercise training is unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to elucidate whether serum 25(OH)D concentrations were directly increased by 5 weeks of endurance exercise...
Purpose Growth hormone (GH) therapy in adults alters thyroid function, and acromegaly often involves thyroid disease. The present study aimed to elucidate roles and mechanisms of GH in regulating thyroid function. Methods We performed two retrospective observational studies, which focused on consecutive patients with severe adult GH deficiency who received recombinant human GH (rhGH) therapy (n...
Introduction Irisin is a myokine/adipokine induced by the exercise in mice and humans, which is proposed to induce “browning” of white adipose tissue, its primary target, thus increasing thermogenesis and energy expenditure. Since its identification, irisin has been linked to favorable effects on metabolic diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), lipid metabolism and cardiovascular...
Context Quality of life (QoL) after childhood-onset craniopharyngioma (CP) is frequently impaired due to tumor and/or treatment-related factors such as endocrine deficits and hypothalamic involvement/lesions. Patients and methods In a multinational trial, we prospectively analyzed parental and self-assessment of CP patient QoL at 3 months, 1 and 3 years after CP diagnosis related to growth hormone...
Purpose The primary aim of this study is to isolate cytokines specific for active Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) in the tears of affected patients. The secondary aim is to identify other cytokines of interest and to look at the profile of their levels over time. Methods This is a prospective pilot study conducted at the Singapore National Eye Centre. A total of 10 patients with active GO and 10 patients...
Purpose Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) comprise a heterogeneous group of malignancies often presenting with metastasis at diagnosis and whose clinical outcome is difficult to predict. Somatostatin (SST) analogs (SSAs) provide a valuable pharmacological tool to palliate hormonal symptoms, and control progression in some NETs. However, many patients do not respond to SSAs or...
Purpose Low bone density is frequently found in patients newly diagnosed with celiac disease (CD), and improvement is variable. This study was performed to assess changes in bone mineral density (BMD) by dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at the lumbar spine, hip, and distal one-third radius as well as clinical predictors of BMD changes after the diagnosis and treatment of CD. Methods Adult CD patients...
Purpose Increased parathyroid hormone (PTH) is commonly associated with obesity, and its role in the pathogenesis of obesity-related glucometabolic abnormalities is uncertain. We aimed to explore the relationships of PTH with glucose/insulin homeostasis parameters before and after bariatric surgery-induced weight loss, and whether they depend or not on 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) status. Methods...
Introduction Skeletal fragility with high risk of vertebral fractures is an emerging complication of acromegaly in close relationship with duration of active disease. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the prevalence and determinants of vertebral fractures in males and females with a history of long-standing active acromegaly undergoing treatment with Pegvisomant. Subjects and...
Purpose to assess bone damage and metabolic abnormalities in patients with Addison’s disease given replacement doses of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids. Methods A total of 87 patients and 81 age-matched and sex-matched healthy controls were studied. The following parameters were measured: urinary cortisol, serum calcium, phosphorus, creatinine, 24-h urinary calcium excretion, bone alkaline...
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